You will need a calculator for this exam

I. Correlation and Regression
A. positive, negative, or zero correlation

B. correlation does not show causality

C. regression equations

II. Random Variables and Probability Distributions
A. discrete

B. continuous

C. the Normal distribution
    1. characteristics
    2. the standard normal
        a. tables
        b. transforming any normal to standard form

III. Estimation
A. sample statistics are estimators for population parameters
    1. mean
    2. proportion

B. sampling errors
    1. standard error
        a. normally distributed (central limit theorem)
        b. calculations
            i) infinite population
            ii) finite population
    2. estimate intervals
    3. sample size

C. confidence intervals
    1. normal distribution
    2. t-distribution
    3. calculations
    4. precision/ accuracy trade-off

IV. Inference
A. Type I and Type II error

B. Hypothesis Testing
1. specify null and alternative hypotheses
2. specify confidence interval
3. calculate critical values
    1. standard error
    2. normal table or t-table
4. compare sample statistic to critical value
    1. reject null hypothesis
    2. don't reject ("accept") null

V. More Survey Issues
A. control groups

B. survey design

C. response rates

Chuck Stull's homepage

Department of Economics (information from the Registrar's office)

Kalamazoo College Homepage